Mohanokor-Angkor period: a period during which the kingdom flourished in all respects under the leadership of King Jayavarman VII.
Mahayana-era society
The people of Mahayana Great :
Religious groups consist of Brahmins and clergy
The knights were knights and nobles
The laborers were farmers, artisans, artisans, artisans.
Temples were built everywhere in the country. Each temple has thousands of servants, protectors, and other rituals. Administrative officials receive the power from the King to manage, build and protect the people of their land.
How to govern the country
Cambodian Territory
Cambodian Territory
Characteristics of management
The rule of the Mahayana period was based on the Hindu philosophy. The King is the deity of mankind. He is a lawmaker, a practitioner and a judge. Not only that, the King was a strong commander.
Administrative arrangements
The Mahayana Kingdom of Cambodia was a feudal country, with many officials. Administrative power is divided into two - central and regional. The king is the ruler of the land, according to the divine powers, he is the creator of the land, he owns all the land, he is the lawgiver and law enforcer, can appoint and remove large officials. He is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, a political leader and a religious leader.
Immigration
The Siamese
Siam is a native of Yunnan, China. In the 8th century, the Thai established a state called South Zhao. Chinese authorities were unhappy with the southern state of Zhao and gradually forced the nationals to flee into Indochina. After the breakup of the southern state and the Mongol invasion of the 13th century, the Siamese moved more and more into Indochina and formed small tribes living in western Khmer territory and Northwest. At the end of the 13th century, the Thai established an independent state and began to threaten Khmer territorial integrity ever since.
The Cham people
The Cham are a people living along the East Indochina coast. In the second century AD, the Cham founded a state called Champa. The state is now lost because the Vietnamese invaded completely.
Relations with neighbors
Relations with Siam
Siamese tribes have been encroaching on Khmer territory since the 9th century. By the end of the 13th century, two groups of Siamese had established two independent states along the Mekong River, the Sukhothai, and the northern capital of the Mekong River. The formation of these two Siamese states ended the Khmer occupation of the Mekong and the Kokhoring. In 1283, the Siamese invaded Cambodia. By the middle of the 14th century, the two Siamese states were united into one united state, with the capital Ayutthaya. From 1351 the king of Ayutthaya frequently attacked Angkor and occupied the city. As the Siamese army came up with a heavy threat, and after defeating the Siamese army, King Ponhea Yat, the Khmer king, moved the capital to Tuol Bashan in Srey Sisak (Srey Santhor) in 1431.
Relations with Cham
In the early Angkor period, Champa invaded Cambodia frequently by land and by water. When invading Kut Kmu repeatedly, the Cham robbed and burned Khmer people's homes every time. The Khmer army then drove the Cham out of the country. The Khmer king fought against the Cham several times, subjugating the Cham kingdom and giving him tribute.
From the reign of Suryavarman II (1113 - 1162) to King Jayavarman VII (1181 - 1218), the Khmer and the Cham frequently fought revenge.
In 1145, King Suryavarman II invaded the kingdom of Cham. In 1177, when the country was in chaos, the Cham encroached on the city of Angkor, killed the Khmer king, and put Cambodia under control. King Jayavarman VII liberated the city of Angkor from Cham in 1181. Later, the Khmer army conquered the country as a Khmer empire.
The preparation of Angkor
After liberating the country from Java, King Jayavarman II (802) chose the area north of the Tonle Sap, which was very conducive to agriculture, and was the center of the Kingdom, with roads connecting to the Kingdom of Nokor and communications. Waterway to Oc Keo port to build the capital. From that time the Khmer monarch designated the area as the capital city until the 15th century.
In celebration of the divine deity, the king must be equal to the deity. His capital is the embodiment of the entire universe: the temple in the center of the city symbolizes Mount Meru, which is considered to be the core of the citadel and the moat, the mountain and the sea that surround Mount Meru, and the temple for the mountain. Erectile goddess
A mountain temple only to the king when he dies, it will be his tomb.
King Yasovarman I (889-900) built the capital to the north of the Rolous area, with the Phnom Bakheng as the center of the capital, Yasodharapura. He ordered the construction of the temple of Phnom Prasat for the Devi ritual.
The growth of the city
The development of the Angkorian period was divided into three stages:
The first phase from 802 to 944
The second phase from 944 to 1177
The third phase from 1181 to 1218
Angkor began to grow in the reign of Yasovarman I, until the end of King Jayavarman VII. Between 944-968, King Rajendravarman II consolidated and developed the Qur'an. In the reign of King Suryavarman II (1113 - 1162), in addition to wartime expansion, he built the famous Angkor Wat. Then, after overthrowing the Chams, in 1181, King Jayavarman VII built a Bayon temple with a laterite wall that was 8 meters high, each 3 feet wide.
Causes of growth
The Temple Mount was built only for the King. While he was ruling, the king went to the house of the gods. At his death, the temple became his own tomb. For the next reigning monarch, efforts must be made to build a new mountain temple. Most of the later mountainous temples were observed first. It shows that the King reigned more than ever before to show his greatness as a deity.
From the late 9th century to the end of Angkor, our Khmer ancestors built nearly 2,000 temples. However, on the Cambodian territory, according to the National Museum of Phnom Penh statistics, there are now only 1070 temples, and the rest are found in Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
Development Orientation
The northern area of the Tonle Sap was an area of agriculture that allowed the Khmer kings to pay attention to irrigation systems because at that time the construction of the Baray was coupled with the construction of the temple.
Indravarman I (877 - 889) ordered the excavation of a barangay north of the capital, Baray Indratak, with a length of 3,000 meters and a width of 800 meters.
King Yasovarman I (889-900) After the construction of the capital, he ordered the digging of a barangay called Baray Yut Sutraak.
In addition, there is a baray, or barangay, which is 8 kilometers long and 2.2 meters wide. The construction of irrigation canals for social development in agriculture, transportation, health and education.
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